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5 easy steps to reveal your muscle

Posted by Unknown on Monday, July 11, 2011 , under Health | comments (0)

Rule #1: Change the CycleYou love lifting. You love the plain challenge and the simple rewards—beating your previous best and feeling a great pump afterward. And maybe you hate cardio. Devoting gym time to cardiovascular exercise feels as if you're burning away hard-earned muscle. But you're not—you're revealing it.

If gaining mass is all you focus on, soon no one will be able to distinguish your traps from your deltoids. For a lean and chiseled physique, you need cardio work. Relax—no distance running involved.

Besides, you know you need aerobic exercise for a healthy heart. And a healthy heart is more efficient at transporting blood and oxygen to working muscles. The stronger your heart, the stronger each of its contractions. That means more oxygenated blood is pumped out with each beat.

What follows is a set of rules to help lifters build healthy hearts. You don't need much cardio work, and most of what you do need should be at high intensity, as befits a man with a lifter's mindset. It'll help you see more muscle definition without wasting time in the gym spinning your wheels.

You don't lift the same way all year, so why should the frequency, intensity, and duration of your cardiovascular workouts stay the same? They shouldn't.

When you're trying to add muscle, keep your aerobic work to a minimum—say, once or twice a week for about 15 to 20 minutes. This will limit your energy expenditure and allow your body to concentrate on building muscle.

When you're trying to get lean, increase your cardio training to two to four times a week, to help strip away excess body fat.

At all times, alternate your cardio methods so your workout's not so boring—treadmill running 1 day, rowing or elliptical training the next, cycling the day after that.

RULE #2: Separate cardio from lifting

Serious lifters worry that cardiovascular training will impede their ability to recover from intense strength training. That all depends on when and how you do your cardio.

Keep your cardio days and strength days as removed from each other as possible. That way your cardio won't hinder gains in strength and size. For instance, doing a tough cycling workout after you hammer your legs with squats and lunges isn't a good idea if your goal is to build bigger legs. Save your cardio for the next day, or even 2 days later, to rest your legs.

If you must do cardio and weights on the same day, choose a form of aerobic work that emphasizes body parts your weight lifting didn't focus on that day. So, if your cardio choice is rowing, which works your upper body as much as it does your legs, row on a day when your weight session doesn't concentrate on your upper body.

Whichever route you choose, just be sure to hit the weights first. You don't want to wipe yourself out before your weight routine—you won't get the most out of your session, and lifting when you're tired can be dangerous.

RULE #3: Don't make an impact

Your body has enough to contend with in repairing the damage that lifting inflicts on it. The last thing you need to do is break it down further with high-impact cardio training.
Concentrate on cardio workouts that minimize microtrauma—the small tears to muscle fibers that are part of the process of building new muscle. Running on hard surfaces like asphalt or concrete can be traumatic to muscles and joints. Jumping rope can cause similar problems.
Your best bets for low-impact exercise are swimming, cycling, and using an elliptical machine.

RULE #4: Ignore the "fat-burning zone"

It's a myth that you have to work out continuously for 20 minutes before you begin burning fat. The thinking once was that you needed to exercise in a range between 60 percent and 80 percent of your maximum heart rate. Any lower was too easy, and any higher made it too difficult to efficiently use fat for fuel.
Ignore that theory. Your body uses more energy overall when training at high intensities—just look at the physique of a sprinter. Going all out also makes better use of your time. You can finish your cardio in an intense 10- to 15-minute workout.
Stick to interval workouts that feature short bursts of high-intensity movement followed by active recovery periods. (See the sample workouts on the next page.) This approach is best for your heart and for fat loss.
RULE #5: Choose the path of more resistance
Changing the gears on a bike and altering the gradient on a treadmill, for instance, are great ways to increase intensity. Just be careful to find a level of resistance that won't reduce the amount of work you're able to do when you return to the weight room.

BULK CYCLE (12 weeks)

Do this when you're trying to add muscle.

Frequency: Twice a week

Duration: 10 to 15 minutes (not including warmup and cooldown)

Protocol: Intervals

Intensity: High

Example: Stationary cycling

Warmup: 5 minutes of light pedaling

Work interval: 20 seconds of pedaling as fast as you can

Recovery interval: 40 seconds of light pedaling

Total reps: 10 to 15

Cooldown: 3 to 5 minutes of light pedaling

LEAN CYCLE (8 weeks)

Do this when you're trying to gain definition.

Frequency: Two to four times a week

Duration: 15 to 20 minutes (not including warmup and cooldown)

Protocol: Intervals

Intensity: High

Example: Rowing

Warmup: 3 to 5 minutes of light rowing

Work interval: 45 seconds of hard rowing

Recovery interval: 90 seconds easy

Total reps: 7 to 9

Cooldown: 3 to 5 minutes of light rowing

Perfect Form: Dumbbell Incline Bench Press

The incline bench press works primarily the upper region of your chest. It also involves your front deltoids, triceps, and serratus anterior—a small but important muscle that helps move your shoulder blades.

Add the incline press to your chest workout after your flat-bench or pushup routine. Three sets of eight to 12 repetitions will help you build a larger chest.

A common mistake: sitting too vertically, which incorporates your shoulders too much in the move, preventing you from lifting more weight. Position the bench at an angle between 45 and 60 degrees.

Also, a lot of men like to lower the dumbbells so they're next to their upper chest. Don't—this puts too much stress on the shoulder joints. Lower the weights farther forward, in a plane that intersects your body just below chest level, until your elbows form 45-degree angles and the weights are at shoulder height over your upper arms.

Grab a pair of dumbbells and lie faceup on a bench. Place your feet flat on the floor, draw your abs in, and push your lower back into the pad. Press the dumbbells above you in a slightly arcing line toward the midline of your chest.

It's not necessary to clank the weights together—that can cause shoulder impingement, plus it annoys the rest of us trying to work out. Keep them 1 to 2 inches apart. Squeeze your chest muscles at the top of the move. Then reverse the same slightly arcing motion to lower the dumbbells under control.

15-MINUTE WORKOUT: DOUBLE YOUR GAINS

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If you want two results from a workout—more muscle and less flab—you need a circuit that forces you to multitask. With this one, you're doing a metabolically demanding move with one part of your body while performing a static dumbbell hold for a common problem area (such as your upper back), says Michael Mejia, M.S., C.S.C.S., founder of B.A.S.E. Sports Conditioning on Long Island, New York. The result: a calorie-torching workout that builds strength where you need it most.

Do This:

Perform 8 to 10 reps of each move, continuing to the next without resting. After completing one circuit, rest for 30 seconds, and then repeat. Do 2 or 3 circuits total.

1 Kneeling overhead stepup
Kneel with your body in a straight line from knees to head, and hold two dumbbells just outside your shoulders. With palms facing each other, press the dumbbells overhead until your arms straighten, and hold that position through each rep. Now place your right foot in front of your body and push yourself up into a standing position. Reverse the movement, and repeat with your left leg. That's 1 rep.

2 Single-arm Swiss-ball chest press with hip raise
Lie with your head and upper back resting firmly on a Swiss ball. Hold a dumbbell at shoulder level in your left hand, your palm facing forward. Bend your knees 90 degrees. Now lift your left foot a few inches off the floor and drop your hips until the top of your lower back is touching the ball. This is the starting position. In one movement, press the dumbbell up until your arm is straight, and raise your hips until your body forms a straight line from your knees to your head. Do all your reps, switch sides, and repeat.

3 Swiss-ball back extension with T-raise hold
Holding a dumbbell in each hand, lie with your chest on a Swiss ball and your arms hanging straight down from your shoulders, palms facing each other. Pull your shoulder blades down and together as you raise your arms to form a T. Hold that position. Without dropping your arms, raise your torso until your body forms a straight line from shoulders to hips. Lower your torso and repeat.

5 Ways to Get Stronger Without Lifting a Weight

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Few men believe it, but you don't need barbells, dumbbells, or machines to build muscle; in fact, weight-training equipment often inhibits the process. That's because it requires you to be in a specific location, which might explain why more men consider themselves runners than lifters. After all, running is the most accessible form of exercise—anywhere you go, there's your gym. But learn a little bit about physics and the same can hold true for your muscle workout.

Consider the pullup: It's the standard by which all body-weight exercises are measured. And even the most hard-core lifters will agree that there's no better muscle builder for the upper body—with or without weights. The reason for its effectiveness: It takes full advantage of the scientific laws of motion and leverage, placing your body in a position that forces your back and arms to lift your entire body weight. Call it applied science at its finest.

Now imagine if all body-weight exercises were as challenging as the pullup. You'd be able to build muscle anywhere, anytime—at home, on the road, or even in a public park. Physical science makes it possible. So with that said… the Five Laws of Body-Weight Training.

Secret #1: The Longer Your Body, The Weaker You Become

The science: By increasing the distance between the point of force (your target muscles) and the end of the object you're trying to lift (your body), you decrease your mechanical advantage. Think of it this way: An empty barbell is easy to lift off the floor if you grab it in the middle. But try moving a few inches in one direction and it instantly seems heavier—even though its weight hasn't changed. The same is true of your body: Lengthen it and every exercise you do becomes harder.

Apply it: Raise your hands above your head—so your arms are straight and in line with your body—during a lunge, squat, crunch, or situp. If that's too hard, split the distance by placing your hands behind your head.

Secret #2: The Farther You Move, The More Muscle You Work

The science: In physics, "mechanical work" is equal to force (or weight) times distance. And since your muscles and bones function together as simple machines—they form class 1, 2, and 3 levers—the same formula applies to your body. It's the most basic of principles: Do more work, build more muscle. Of course, in a weight-free workout, you can't increase force (unless you gain weight). But you can boost your work output by moving a greater distance during each repetition.

Apply it: Each of the following three methods increases the distance your body has to travel from start to finish, increasing not only the total amount of work you do, but also the amount of work you do in the most challenging portion of the exercise.

Hard: Move the floor farther away. For many body-weight exercises—lunges, pushups, situps—your range of motion ends at the floor. The solution: Try placing your front or back foot on a step when doing lunges; position your hands on books or your feet on a chair when doing pushups; and place a rolled-up towel under the arch in your lower back when doing situps.

Harder: Add on a quarter. From the starting position of a pushup, squat, or lunge, lower yourself into the down position. But instead of pushing your body all the way up, raise it only a quarter of the way. Then lower yourself again before pushing your body all the way up. That counts as one repetition.

Hardest: Try mini-repetitions. Instead of pushing your body all the way up from the down position, do five smaller reps in which you raise and lower your body about an inch each time. After the fifth mini-repetition, push yourself up till your arms are straight. That counts as one repetition.

Secret #3: As Elastic Energy Decreases, Muscle Involvement Increases

The science: When you lower your body during any exercise, you build up "elastic energy" in your muscles. Just like in a coiled spring, that elasticity allows you to "bounce" back to the starting position, reducing the work your muscles have to do. Eliminate the bounce and you'll force your body to recruit more muscle fibers to get you moving again. How? Pause for 4 seconds in the down position of an exercise. That's the amount of time it takes to discharge all the elastic energy of a muscle.

Apply it: Use the 4-second pause in any exercise. And give yourself an extra challenge by adding an explosive component, forcefully pushing your body off the floor—into the air as high as you can—during a pushup, lunge, or squat. Because you're generating maximum force without any help from elastic energy, you'll activate the greatest number of muscle fibers possible.

Secret #4: Moving in Two Directions is Better Than Moving in One

The science: Human movement occurs on three different geometric planes:

1. The sagittal plane, for front-to-back and up-and-down movements

2. The frontal plane, for side-to-side movements

3. The transverse plane, for rotational movements

Most weight-lifting movements—the bench press, squat, curl, lunge, and chinup, to name a few—are performed on the sagittal plane; the balance of exercises—for instance, the lateral lunge and side bend—occur almost entirely on the frontal plane. This means that most men rarely train their bodies on the transverse plane, despite using rotation constantly in everyday life, as well as in every sport. Case in point: walking. It's subtle, but your hips rotate with every step; in fact, watch a sprinter from behind and you'll see that his hips rotate almost 90 degrees. By adding a rotational component to any exercise, you'll automatically work more muscle—since you'll fully engage your core, as well as the original target muscles—and simultaneously build a better-performing body.

Apply it: Simply twist your torso to the right or left in exercises such as the lunge, situp, and pushup. You can also rotate your hips during movements such as the reverse crunch.

Secret #5: The Less Contact Your Body Has With the Floor, the More Your Muscles Must Compensate

The science: The smaller the percentage of an object's surface area that's touching a solid base, the less stable that object is. That's why SUVs are prone to rolling, and tall transmission towers need guy wires. Fortunately, humans have a built-in stabilization system: muscles. And by forcing that internal support system to kick in—by making your body less stable—you'll make any exercise harder, while activating dozens more muscles.

Apply it: Hold one foot in the air during virtually any exercise, including pushups, squats, and deadlifts. You can also do pushups on your fingertips or your fists.

Audi A9 Concept Car Repairs Itself, Changes Body Color

Posted by Unknown on Monday, June 27, 2011 , under | comments (0)

This is Audi A9 concept from the reputed Spanish designer Daniel Garcia who has Ducati 6098 R concept and may other to his credit. The awesome A9 concept will be lighter than Audi’s current flagship model, A8. Inspiration for the styling of A9 comes from the stunning architectural style of Santiago Calatrava’s buildings in “La Ciudad de las Artes y de las Ciencias in Valencia.

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Daniel’s A9 concept is a low emission hybrid vehicle for the future. A9 concept features a single-piece windscreen and its roof is formed from nanotechnology material (which is yet to be discovered) that has a unique automatic-system that repairs damage and can also be adjusted for colors and opacity.

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Also, the vehicle flaunts the unique ‘electronic painting’ system that allows the owner to change the color with the touch of a button. The concept is proposed to be powered by an advanced hybrid setup which uses an internal combustion engine working in conjunction with four in-wheel electric motors.

daniel garcias a9 concept5 550x299 Audi A9 Concept Car Repairs Itself, Changes Body Color

No rush to be a mom

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While Russian mothers have traditionally been fairly young, more and more women are taking a page from their European counterparts and delaying motherhood.

Photo: PhotoXpress

Alberto, a 40-year-old Spaniard, is married to a Russian woman and is the father of a two-year-old son. When he visits Russia with his family and takes his son to the playground, he feels uncomfortable because he looks “too old.”

“Parents are much younger here than in Spain,” he said. “It’s striking to see a 20-year-old guy walking a stroller with his wife. They’re a lot more limber, they have more energy, more patience and are sure to enjoy their children for longer than I will. It’s a shame that in my country you rarely see young parents.”

Being a mother at age 22 or 23 is still common in Russia. Until recently, women who had children after age 25 automatically fell into the category of “older mother.” This is just one way society tells Russian girls they must give birth before age 30. It is scientifically proven that being a young mother is much better for physiological reasons, but it’s the social expectations that sometimes carry the most influence. Alexandra, a 29-year-old lawyer who lives in the Moscow suburbs, is getting married soon because she doesn’t want to become the black sheep of her family.

“All my friends, my cousins and sisters are married and have children. They always ask me, ‘What are you waiting for?’ I can’t waste any more time; I’m almost 30! I’m getting married, and if my marriage doesn’t go well, at least I'll have my child,” she said.

However, women like Alexandra may soon be in the minority in Russia as the country adopts the long-standing European trend to wait longer to give birth. According to recent figures from the Institute of Demography at Moscow’s Higher School of Economics, the average first-time mother is 28.8 years old in Europe, 28.4 in North America, and 27 in South America. The Russian Ministry of Health and Social Development doesn’t have exact data for the average age of first-time mothers in Russia, but statistics from a number of unofficial sources put the figure at about 27. According to some estimates, in Moscow women tend to have children between the ages of 23 and 28, while in other regions of the country mothers are still a bit younger.

What is more worrisome is the low fertility rate that has become a serious problem across Europe. In 2003, the number of children per woman in Russia fell to 1.3, and after a bump it now stands at 1.59. The European average is 1.6, with the southern countries (Spain, Portugal, and Greece) at around 1.4 and central Europe even worse off. France, Ireland and the Nordic countries maintain a relatively high birth rate (2.01- 2.07).

The Russian government, concerned about the demographic crisis, has begun several programs to encourage Russians to have more children. The most important of these initiatives, the benefit program known as “mother’s capital,” involves a certificate worth 365,000 rubles (9,125 euros, $13,000) for mothers having a second or third child. The money can be invested in a mortgage, a child’s education or the mother’s pension fund. The slight increase in the birth rate seen over the last two to three years is linked to the mother’s capital program. But the measure has a downside that is important to most women: The money cannot be received in cash. Other subsidies—above all support for the birth of a first child—are still quite low when compared with other countries. In an unprecedented move several years ago, the mayor of Ulyanovsk declared Sept. 12 a “Day of Conception,” and encouraged couples to stay home from work to procreate. Those who had a child nine months later received a prize, and families whose child was born on June 12 won a car.

On top of the financial issues, if the challenges of reconciling working life with family, waiting lists for childcare and many other problems that mothers face every day, it’s not surprising that women aren’t in a hurry to give birth. The need to finish higher education, start a career, buy an apartment along with and other ambitions are pushing women to delay motherhood. A couple of years ago, in an unprecedented move, the mayor of Ulyanovsk declared 12 September to be the “Day of Conception,” and encouraged couples to stay home from work to procreate. Those who had a child nine months later received a prize, and families whose child was born on June 12 won a car.

The Ministry of Health and Social Development appears quite optimistic about Russia's demographic prospects and is pushing a marked increase in the birth rate for 2016. But this prediction should spark some uncertainty, unless other Russian cities are ready to copy the Ulyanovsk experiment.

Comparison of parental leave policies

In Russia, mothers receive 140 days of maternity leave at 100 percent salary, which cannot exceed 34,583 rubles (864 euros, $1,260). For a year and a half, 40 percent of the mother’s salary is paid, which cannot exceed 13,833 rubles (345 euros, $500). The main advantage for Russian mothers may be that they can remain on maternity leave for up to three years without losing their jobs.

United Kingdom: maternity leave may last up to 40 weeks, of which only 18 are paid. The salary is 90 percent of average weekly earnings for the first six weeks, followed by the regular rate.

Norway: Maximum of 52 weeks per birth. Women who have worked for six out of the previous 10 months before giving birth are entitled to financial benefits of 100 percent of salary for 42 weeks; others receive 80 percent of average earnings for up to 25 weeks.

Sweden: 450 days off, to be shared between the mother and father of the child. Maternity leave for mothers with 80 percent of monthly salary lasts over 12 months.

United States: Federal law requires companies with more than 50 employees to provide 12 weeks of unpaid maternity leave, although employees may be required to use vacation time to cover part of the leave. Individual states or companies may provide additional leave.

Shorin-ryu Karate

Posted by Unknown on Thursday, June 23, 2011 , under | comments (0)

-History of Okinawan Kobayashi Shorin Ryu Karatedo-

Okinawa, Japan birthplace of modern day karatedo and kobudo. The following is a compilation of different sources of information about the evolvement of Kobayashi Shorin Ryu and Okinawan Kobudo. Historians believe that the art of Okinawa Te, first originated independently of any other combat system. it is also believed that this system on unarmed combat can be traced back over 1000 years. Because the islanders were of not of wealthy status, weapons were scares. Also the islands own un-unification gave rise to many aggressive warlords, each battling for supremacy of the island. As a result these circumstances rendered a strong incentive for the evolvement of unarmed combat.

By the mid 1340's, Okinawa entered into a trade relationship with China. This trade and political friendship allowed the Okinawan people to observe the different aspects of China, and were thus exposed to Chinese boxing systems. Furthermore, by the late 1300's, in a tributary relationship, 36 Chinese families and businessmen settled on Okinawa. These families brought with them a variety of skills, including Chinese martial arts.

Through the 1400's, the island experienced much turmoil. At first the island was unified by King Sho Hashi in 1429. At this time the Okinawan's were still able to posses weapons. However in 1470, King Sho Hashi destroyed the former dynasty and made due with his own. Soon all arms were banned on the island, in fear that the reign might be over thrown. As a result, the emphasis on the fighting arts further progressed. The main villages of Okinawa are credited with the main styles that emerged from Okinawa Te. From the village of Shuri, came Shuri Te. From the village of Naha, came Naha Te. Finally from the village of Tomari, came Tomari Te.

Beside empty hand combat, the Okinawan's also began the practice of Kobudo (weapons). Because of King Sho Hashi's ban on the traditional weapons (such as the samurai sword), the Okinawan's began using their everyday farming implements as weapons. From this practice the most commonly thought of weapons became known as the: Bo (six foot staff), the Eku (six foot oar), the Kama (grass or cain sickle), the Tonfa (utility handle), and the Nunchaku (horse bit, and even rice flail). However because the Okinawan's never restrained the practice of survival, it is conceivable that these particular weapons might not have been the only weapons practiced. In fact the Zen Okinawan Kobudo Renmei (Matayoshi Kobudo), makes use of the Kuwa (Japanese Hoe), the Timbei and Rochin (Shield and dagger), as well as the Nunti (Japanese like spear).

These styles of unarmed and armed combat were practiced in secrecy for years. Differences between Te styles suggest the different influences of various Chinese styles. Shuri-Te seem to utilize the external system of Shaolin boxing. While Naha-Te incorporates the use of internal Taoist techniques. Tomari-Te appears to be a mix of both internal and external fighting systems. These variances alone, are responsible for the evolvement the different systems into the distinct martial art styles they are today.

In 1609, Okinawa was seized by the Japanese Satsuma Samurai clan, for refusing to recognize Japan's newest Shogun, Tokugawa Ieyasu. As a result, the Shogunate banned the Okinawa people from carrying weapons. This only further fueled the importance of further developing the martial arts as a means of survival.

Although at this time the Japanese had banned all trade relationships with other countries. The Japanese still, however, allowed Okinawa to trade with China.

As a result, around the mid to late 1700's a Chinese diplomat named, Kusanku, moved to Okinawa for 6 years. During his stay he began teaching the Chinese system of Ch'uan-Fa. As these influences became introduced into the different local martial arts, they gradually became known as Tode (or Chinese Hand). By the 1800's these styles were again re-named. Shuri and Tomari-Te formed the basis for Okinawan Sho Rin Ryu, while Naha-Te formed Goju Ryu and Uechi Ryu.

Although Kusanku is often believed to be a culmination of different Chinese officers, he is often referred to as one person. As is recorded, Tode Sakugawa began studying under Kusanku-sensei. The teachings of Kusanku enabled Sakugawa to combine the essence of both Te and Chinese Boxing principles. These principles form the basis of modern day Shorin Ryu.

The following is a record of the lineage of Shorin Ryu Karatedo. Each master featured was the direct instructor of the next. Listed art the names of the kata's each instructor was either known for or even intruduced into the system.

(no available photograph)

Kusanku = Kusanku Kata

Tode Sakugawa = Passai Kata

Sokon "Bushi" Matsumura = Passai Kata & Chinto

Ankoh Yasutsune Itosu = 5 Pinan Kata, Naihanchi Nidan, Naihanchi Sandan, Passai Sho, Passai Dai, Kusanku Sho, Kusanku Dai.

Itosu-sensei was such an incredible instructor, that in 1903, he became the first martial artist to introduce karate-do into the public schools of Okinawa. His students include Gichin Funakoshi-sensei. It was not until the late 1800's that Funakoshi-Sensei termed the essence of Te as "Karate-Do" meaning, "The Way of the Empty Hand." Funakoshi-sensei later founded ShotoKan Karate.

Chosin Chibana = Gojushiho Kata

As Sho Rin Ryu began to branch further and further, and other styles evolved from Itosu-sensei's karate. An attempt was made by one of Itosu-sensei's students to preserve his instructors teachings. Itosu-sensei's most loyal and dedicated student, Chosin Chibana-sensei, renamed the style Kobayshi-Ryu (Shorin Ryu - "Young Forest Style") to indicate that he taught Itosu-sensei's original style.

Shuguro Nakazato = Shorin Ryu Shorin Kan

Chibana-sensei's most notable student, Shuguro Nakazato-sensei, who became the head of Shorin Ryu-Shorin Kan branch of Kobayashi. Chibana-sensei's other most notable student, Katsuya Miyahira-sensei, became the head of Shorin Ryu-Shido Kan branch of Kobayashi

Nakazato-sensei first began training in Shito Ryu Karate-do (1935-40), under Seiichi Iju-sensei.
While training in Shito Ryu, Nakazato-sensei also began training in Kobudo, under Seiro Tonaki-sensei (from 1936-40).
Nakazato-sensei then entered the Japanese Army, it was during this time that he taught bayonet techniques.
By the end of World War II, Nakazato-sensei returned to Okinawa, and became a disciple of Chibana-sensei.
In 1951 Nakazato-sensei opened a dojo together with Chibana-sensei, naming it Chibana Dai Ichi Dojo.
Then in 1955, he opened the Sho Rin Kan dojo, which he presently operates.
Until 1958, Nakazato trained in bojitsu under Tonaki-sensei's son, Masami Chinen-sensei, of the now famed Yamani-Chinen Ryu Bojitsu style.
Nakazato-sensei believed that Chibana-sensei had taught Anko Itosu-sensei's style without altering it. However, because Itosu-sensei's style had little kumite, Nakazato-sensei took it upon himself to add the Kihon and Fukyu kata.

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